Foxtails: A Hidden Hazard for Pets in Warm Weather

As the weather warms up, pet owners need to be extra vigilant about the dangers lurking in grassy areas and fields. One such hazard is foxtails, which, although they appear harmless, can pose serious risks to your furry friends. Here’s what you need to know to keep your pets safe.

What Are Foxtails?

Foxtails are grass-like weeds with barbed seed heads that can easily attach to your dog’s fur, paws, ears, nose, and eyes. Scientifically known as “Hordeum murinum” these seed heads are designed by nature to burrow into the ground to germinate. Unfortunately, they can also burrow into your pet’s skin, causing severe infections and other health issues. The shape of the foxtail allows it to move in only one direction, meaning once it’s embedded in your pet’s body, it can only move forward, often deeper into the tissue.

Foxtails are most commonly found in the western United States, but they can be present in other regions of the USA as well. They thrive in dry, grassy areas and are especially prevalent during the late spring and summer months.

Meadow foxtail is common throughout England and Wales and visible all year round, though it's easier to identify when in flower from April to June. Look for meadow foxtail across meadows and other grassy areas that are fairly moist, as well as along roadsides and bordering hedges.

The Dangers of Foxtails

Foxtails pose several significant threats to pets. These dangers arise from their ability to embed themselves in various parts of a pet’s body and migrate internally.

• Infections: When a foxtail penetrates the skin, it can migrate through the body, leading to painful abscesses and severe infections. The body often treats the foxtail as a foreign object, causing an inflammatory response that can result in pus formation and abscesses. In some cases, if not treated, the infection can spread, leading to systemic issues.

• Respiratory Issues: If a dog inhales foxtails, they can lodge in the nasal passages or lungs, causing severe respiratory problems. Symptoms might include persistent sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing, or even nosebleeds. In severe cases, a foxtail can cause a life-threatening infection in the lungs known as pyothorax.

• Eye Injuries: Foxtails can scratch or puncture the eyes, leading to serious injuries. The symptoms might include redness, discharge, excessive blinking, or pawing at the eye. In severe cases, untreated foxtail injuries can lead to blindness or loss of the eye.

• Ear Problems: Foxtails can enter the ear canal, causing discomfort, shaking of the head, or ear infections. Symptoms of a foxtail in the ear include head tilting, scratching at the ear, and sometimes, a foul-smelling discharge. Left untreated, a foxtail in the ear can cause severe pain, infection, and even hearing loss.

Prevention Tips

To protect your pet from the dangers of foxtails, consider the following precautions:

1. Avoid Foxtail Areas: Steer clear of areas with tall, dry grass and weeds. If you know that foxtails are prevalent in your area, avoid walking your dog in those spots. Opt for well-maintained parks or pathways where the grass is kept short and the risk of encountering foxtails is minimized.

2. Regular Grooming: Brush your dog’s coat frequently to remove any foxtails. Long-haired dogs are especially susceptible, as their fur can easily trap foxtails. Regular grooming sessions will help you spot and remove foxtails before they become a problem.

3. Inspect After Walks: After every walk or outdoor activity, thoroughly check your dog’s fur, paws, ears, and nose for foxtails. Pay special attention to areas where foxtails are likely to get caught, such as between the toes, under the armpits, and around the ears.

4. Protective Gear: In high-risk areas, consider using dog boots or a protective vest, such as an Equafleece summer suit. These products can help shield your dog from foxtails and other environmental hazards. Dog boots protect the paws, while vests can cover much of the dog’s body, reducing the chances of foxtails attaching to their fur.

Symptoms to Watch For

Foxtails can cause various symptoms in dogs, depending on where they have lodged. Be on the lookout for the following signs:

• Skin Irritation and Itching: Foxtails can burrow into the skin, especially around the paws, causing irritation and itching. If you notice your dog licking or chewing at their paws excessively, it could be due to a foxtail.

• Coughing or Sneezing: If inhaled, foxtails can lead to respiratory issues such as coughing or sneezing. Persistent sneezing or coughing, especially after being outdoors, can indicate that a foxtail is lodged in the nasal passages or throat.

• Eye Injuries: Foxtails can scratch or puncture the eyes, resulting in redness, discharge, or even blindness. Symptoms to watch for include squinting, excessive tearing, and discharge from the eyes. If left untreated, a foxtail in the eye can cause serious damage.

• Ear Problems: Foxtails can enter the ear canal, causing discomfort, head shaking, or ear infections. Symptoms include head tilting, scratching at the ears, and a foul odor from the ear. In severe cases, a foxtail in the ear can cause hearing loss.

• Nasal Issues: A foxtail in the nose can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, or even nosebleeds. If your dog suddenly starts sneezing violently after a walk, it might be due to a foxtail.

Immediate Action and Veterinary Care

If you notice any of these symptoms or suspect your dog has come into contact with foxtails, consult your vet immediately. Early detection and removal are crucial for your dog’s health and well-being. Foxtails can travel quickly through the body, so prompt veterinary care is essential to prevent serious complications.

Your vet can perform a thorough examination and may use imaging techniques like X-rays or ultrasound to locate and remove embedded foxtails. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to extract deeply lodged foxtails.

Stay Vigilant

By being aware of the risks and taking preventive measures, you can help ensure your pets stay safe and healthy. Keep an eye out for foxtails and protect your furry friends from these hidden hazards. Regular grooming, thorough inspections after outdoor activities, and avoiding high-risk areas are key steps in safeguarding your pets from foxtail-related injuries.

Remember, your vigilance can make a significant difference in preventing the pain and suffering that foxtails can cause. Enjoy the warm weather with your pets, but always stay alert to the potential dangers in your surroundings.